Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Rural Marketing free essay sample

Rural marketing is promotion of a company’s products in the rural markets by using strategies which differ from that of the urban market. The rural market is more price-sensitive. Nature of Rural market:- 1. Large, diverse and scattered market:- Rural marketing in India is large and scattered into a number of regions. There are not many shops available to market products. 2. Major income of rural consumers is from agriculture:- Rural prosperity is interlinked with agricultural prosperity. In the event of crop failure, rural income is directly affected. 3. Traditional outlook:- Villages develop slowly and have a traditional outlook. Change is a continuous process but rural people accept it gradually. This is changing but it is changing, although slowly, due to literacy especially in the youth who have begun to change the outlook in the villages. 4. Standard of living and rising disposable income of the rural customers:- It is known that majority of the rural population lives below the poverty line and has low literacy rate, low savings etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Rural Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today, rural customers spend money to get value and are aware of the happenings around them. . Rising literary levels:- It is a well documented fact that approximately 45% of rural Indians are literate. Awareness has increased and farmers are well informed about the world around them. They are also educating themselves on the new technology for a better life style. 6. Diverse socio economic background:- Due to differences in geographical areas and uneven land fertility, rural people have different socio- economic backgrounds, which ultimately affect the rural markets. 7. Infrastructure facilities:- Infrastructure facilities like warehouses, communications systems and financial facilities are inadequate in rural areas. Physical distribution is a challenge to marketers who have found innovative ways to market their products. Scope of marketing:- 1. Large population:- According to the 2011 census, 72% of the total population is rural population and it is scattered over a wide range of geographic area. 2. Rising rural prosperity:- Average income level has improved due to modern farming practices, contract farming, industrialization, migration to urban areas etc. . Growth in consumption:- There is a growth in purchasing power of rural consumers. The average per capita house hold expenditure is Rs. 382. 4. Change in lifestyle:- The Lifestyle of rural consumers has changed considerably. 5. Market growth rate higher than urban:- The growth rate of fast moving consumer goods [FMCG] market and durable market is high in rural areas. The rural market share is more than 50% for products lik e cooking oil, hair oil etc. 6. Life cycle advantage:- The products which have attained the stage of maturity in the urban market are still on their stage of growth in the rural market. 7. Rural marketing is not expensive:- Promotion of consumer durables inside a rural market, it costs Rs 1 crore whereas in urban areas it runs into millions. What is rural market? Importance of rural marketing ? Ans:Meaning of rural market:- On account of the green revolution, rural areas are consuming a large quality of industrial and urban manufactured products. In this context a special arketing strategy namely rural marketing has emerged. But often, rural marketing is confused with agricultural marketing – The latter denotes marketing of produce of rural areas to the urban consumers or industrial consumers, whereas rural marketing involves delivering manufactured or processed inputs or services to rural producers or consumers. Importance of rural market:- 1. Large market:- Approximately 75% of India’s population resides in around 6, 38,3 65 villages of India spread over 32,00,000 Sq. kilometer. 41% of India’s middle class resides in rural areas. The Indian rural consumer lives in 6,00,000 villages spread across the country and they account for over 70% of population of the country. For several product categories, rural markets account for over 60% of the national demand. 2. Higher purchasing capacity:- According to a study conducted by â€Å"NCAER† [National Council for Applied Economic Research], there are as many middle income households in the rural areas as there are in the urban areas. There are almost twice as many lower middle income households in rural areas as there are in the urban areas. Because of this purchasing power of power of rural people is on the rise. 3. Market growth:- â€Å"Hariyali kissan bajar† was set up by Sri Ram Consolidated Limited to facilitate scale of agriculture inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides farming equipment, seeds etc. Shakti- through the state governments and NGOs involved in microfinance women entrepreneurs in villages are identified to act as local distribution and sales point for HUL products. 4. ITC:- ITC’s internet enabled rural interface to help scale of agricultural outputs is presently operational in the markets of 6 states and is growing at the rate of 3-4% p. . Define size of rural market and discuss? Ans: According to the census of India, areas that would qualify as being rural must have clear surveyed boundaries without a municipality, corporation or board, and with density of population not more than 400 Sq. km and with at least 75% of the male working population engaged in agricultural activities. Accordin g to this definition there are 6,38,000 villages in the country. Of these villages, 0. 5% have a population of about 10,000 and 2% have a population between 5,000 and 10,000 around 50% have a population which is less than 200. Interestingly, the FMCG and consumer durable companies, any territory that has more than 20,000 amp; 50,000 population respectively do not qualify as being a rural market! According to the census of India 2001, there are more than 4000 towns in the country. It has classified them into 6 categories. Around 400 class-I to towns with 1,00,000 and above population, 498 class-II towns with 50,000-99,999 population, 1,368 class-III towns with 20,000-50,000 population, 1,560 class –IV towns with 10,000-19,999 population It is mainly the class-II amp; class-III towns that markets term as rural. Demographical details of Indian rural market †¢ About 285 million people live in urban India where as 742 million people reside in rural areas. †¢ The No. of middle income amp; high income households in rural India is expected to grow from 46 million to 59 million. †¢ Size of rural market is estimated to be 42 million households and the rural market has been growing at 5 times the rate of the urban market. †¢ More government based rural development programs. †¢ Increase in agricultural productivity leading to growth of rural disposable income. Lowering of difference between taste of urban and rural customers. The Indian rural market with its vast size and demand offers great opportunity to marketers. Our nation is classified in around 450 districts amp; approximately 6, 38,000 villages which can be stored in different parameters such as literacy level, accessibility, income levels, distance from nearest town etc. The rural market accounts for half of the tota l market for TV sets, fans pressure cookers, bicycles, washing soap, tea salt amp; tooth powder. In fact, the rural market for FMCG products is growing much faster than the urban market. Explain the distinction between rural market amp; urban market? Ans: Definition:- Rural marketing is similar to simple marketing. Rural marketing differs only in terms of buyers. Here, the target market consists of customers living in rural areas. Thus rural marketing is application of marketing fundamentals {concepts, principles, theories etc} to rural marketers. Rural marketing is a process of developing, pricing, promoting and distributing rural goods and services leading to desired exchange with rural customers to satisfy their needs and wants, and also to achieve organizational objectives. Differences between rural marketing amp; urban marketing:- Although rural marketing offers immense potential, marketers used to recognise the fact that there are considerable differences in many aspects including the nature, characteristics, buying patterns amp; behavior of rural consumers when compared to urban consumers. While the urban economy thrives mainly on secondary and tertiary activities such as manufacturing amp; services, the rural economy is driven mainly by primary activities such as agriculture, fishing amp; forestry. The consumer demand and consumption patterns also differ across rural and urban areas. In many products, rural consumption now accounts for a larger share than the urban market. In washing soaps the rural share is over 60%. In popular bath soaps it is more than 50% and in batteries it is more than 56% and it is the same case with packed tea and hair oils What are the problems of rural marketing? Ans: The problems of rural marketing are continuing in spite of efforts to improve in the 9th five year plan. The position is improving but slowly. The rural marketer has many challenges. But the vast amp; expanding markets call for good marketing strategists to create win-win situations to all parties in the chain of rural marketing. The problems of rural marketing are as follows:- Under-Developed Population Under-Developed market Improper communication facilities Many Languages Vast amp; uneven spread Low Per-Capita income Poor Infrastructure Facilities Seasonal Demand Fewer distribution channel 1. Under-Developed Population:- Rural society is bounded by tradition, old customs and practices. The impact of modern science amp; technology has made very few changes as the old beliefs are still continuing. . Under-Developed Market:- Rural markets are not developing as much as they should owing to inadequate banking amp; credit facilities. Rural market needs banks to enable remittance, to transact on credit basis and to obtain credit support from the bank. At present every 48th village in India has a bank. 3. Poor or Improper Communication Facilities:- Most villages even today largely depend on telegrams and phones for their communication needs. Print media and visual media [Television, cinema, etc] reaches only about 20% of rural Indians. 4. Many languages:- India is a country of many languages. Language becomes a barrier in effective communication in the marketing efforts. The languages vary from state to state, place to place, district to district, etc. There are now 18 scheduled national languages. 5. Vastness amp; unevenly spread:- Rural market consists of approximately 75 crore rural consumers spread across approximately 6,38,365 villages. Despite urban migration, the rural areas still have a sizeable population. 6. Low per capital income:- Most farmers have small lands. This results in low per capita income. And low per capita income results in low consumption pattern as compared to the urban population.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Prohibiton essays

Prohibiton essays Prohibition, which was also known as The Noble Experiment, lasted in America from 1920 until 1933. There are quite a few results of this experiment: innocent people suffered; organized crime grew into an empire; the police, courts, and politicians became increasingly corrupt; disrespect for the law grew; and the per capita consumption of the prohibited substance-alcohol-increased dramatically, year by year. These results increased each of the thirteen years of this Noble Experiment, and they never returned to the levels that existed before 1920. Prohibition did not happen instantly, it settled on the country gradually, community by community, town by town, and eventually state by state for almost a century. The onset of National Prohibition in 1920 was merely the final blow. The first of the laws, such as the one in Virginia in 1619, through New Hampshire's law of 1719 were against drunkenness, not against drinking. The first law that limited liquor sales was implemented because of the religious beliefs of citizens. This particular law was passed in New York in 1697; it ordered that all public drinking establishments be closed on Sunday because, on the Lord's day, people should be worshiping the Bible not the bottle. In 1735, the religious had a prohibition law enacted for the entire state of Georgia. The law was a complete failure and was abandoned in 1742. For the most part, however, during the 1700s and early 1800s, those opposing liquor on religious grounds used sermons and persuasion rather than politics and laws to make their point. These persuasive efforts were known as the Temperance Movement, and its goal was to get everyone to voluntarily temper use of spirits. Maine went completely dry in 1851 and, by 1855, so had New Hampshire, Vermont, Delaware, Michigan, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New York Alabama passed a Prohibition law in 1907 which became effective on January 1,...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Spatial Differences of Rich and Poor Neighbourhood in Jeddah, Saudi Essay

Spatial Differences of Rich and Poor Neighbourhood in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia - Essay Example This paper explores the reason for this gap by studying poor and the posh areas in the modern city Jeddah located in the west coast of Saudi Arabia. The study analyzes six different factors based on birth rate, income rate, employment facility, education access, healthcare facilities and the crime rate in two prominent areas of the Jeddah city, the Al-Naeem district and the Al-Sharafiyah district. The paper examines how these various hypotheses affects the living condition of the poor and the rich people in these areas using the data collected through an elaborate survey in both the districts. The outcome of the research states there is relatively little difference between the life style of the rich and the poor. Both have nearly equal access to the education and employment. The chances for the poor people to earn more are slightly less than the rich owing to their rich people’s high education standard. The birth rate in both the poor and the rich families are more or less similar with slight variations in the number of children and the earning elders. But, the prevalence of crime rate is much higher in the poor neighbourhoods than the rich people’s area. Similarly, advanced healthcare facilities are mostly limited to the rich people. Introduction Just like many other Saudi Arabian cities, Jeddah too is mostly deserted. The fast growing city is located on the border of the Red Sea. The Al-Sarawat Mountains serve as a natural fortification for the city in the eastern side. The Gulf of Salman present on the northern side of the city acts as a great port. The cities location makes it a gateway for Mecca and Medina, the Jerusalem of the Islamists. The influx of tourists from international communities was crucial in the development of this multicultural city1. Jeddah is located on Tahoma coastal plain that is about 75 kilometres west of Mecca2. The region earned natural environmental distinction with a wide desert, eroded plateau at the central region, and the weather is dry and hot, although winter brings its cold season3. The climate in the city is usually quite high ranging up to 43 Â °C (109 Â °F) in the summers. Dust storms and bush fires are quite common. Jeddah is situated at the heart of the Middle East. It can be reached easily through flight from any North African and other Middles East country’s capital within a couple of hours. It is a major port of Saudi Arabia. Jeddah is considered as the next major commercial city in Saudi Arabia after Dubai. It is quite westernized and has all the modern facilities suitable for a metropolitan city. Jeddah's major shopping area Tahlia Street features everything from Gucci to Armani products along with their traditional jewelleries. Coined as the bride of the Red Sea, Jeddah stretched in a spatial area of 1,320 km24. Objective of the Study The main objective of the study is to spot out whether there is a significant gap between the life of the rich and the poor in the Saudi Arabia. The study selects the historical city of Jeddah as sample and explores the two districts in it, the economically backward Al-Sharafiyah and the posh Al-Naeem area. The main question considered for research is; How different is the life of the people living the economically ba ckward regions like Al-Sharafiyah different from the ones living in flourishing areas like Al-Naeem. The study compares the various aspects of the life of the poor and the rich through six different hypotheses listed below. Hypothesis 1: The birth rate and the number of family members in the Al-Sharafiyah district influence the fertility of the region. Justification: Al-Naeem has controlled infant birth rate and high earning adult’s rate in each family. On the other hand Al-Sharafiyah has more number of small children and controlled number of bread